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JOURNAL

ISSN 2077-7477 (Print)
ISSN 2077-7485 (Online)

A journal "Dovkillia ta zdorovia" (Environment & Health) publishes the articles on the problems in the field of medical ecology, hygiene, health protection and ecological safety.

Founder of the Journal:
State Institution "O.M. Marzeiev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"

Frequency of publication:
quarterly

Environment & HealthISSN: 2077-7477 eISSN: 2077-7485
No: 1 (81)   -   2017   -   Pages: 59-64
Environmental factors as the reasons of thyroid gland pathology risk (analytical literary review, the second report)
Antonenko A.M.1, Korshun M.M.
1 Institute of Hygiene and Ecology O.O. Bohomolets National Medical University Kyiv

ÓÄÊ: 57.042 : 616.441-02

ABSTRACT:
Last time the diseases of thyroid gland attract a considerable attention. In a certain way it is connected with the fact that the gland actively responds to the geochemical state of the environment with the further occurrence of one or another diseases. Control of the diseases of such an origin is one of the important tasks of the World Health Organization and is highly relevant for Ukraine.

Objective: We analyzed and systematized the anthropogenic chemical factors of the environment and the mechanisms of their effect as the factors for the development of thyroid gland pathology. Chemical (natural and anthropogenic) factors, affecting the development of thyroid diseases, are the most numerous among the exogenous ones. Heavy metals, persistent organochlorine pollutants, medical preparations, pesticides and agrochemicals belong to the chemical anthropogenic (technogenic) factors. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, cobalt, mercury) preferentially inhibit 5'-monodeiodinase of liver of type I, disrupting the conversion of T4 into T3. Persistent organochlorine pollutants affect the thyroid gland through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Some medicines can act as goitrogenic substances mainly disrupting a hormone synthesis (acetazolamide, sulfadiazine, sulfizoxazole, sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drugs). However, the other mechanisms may be realized. Mainly the pesticides don’t affect directly the thyroid gland, but disturb its functioning indirectly affecting the metabolism of thyroid hormone in liver. Pyrazole-carboxamide fungicides – succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors; oxazole, triketone, benzoylpyrazole and bicyclooctane herbicides – inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenilpyruvatdioxygenase, pyrethrins and persistent organochlorine pollutants –polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, etc. act in such a way. The main mechanisms of the negative impact of the mentioned above factors on thyroid gland are violation of the transport and metabolism of the hormones; violation of the regulation of their synthesis and action; direct toxic effect on the gland; induction of autoimmune processes; violation of iodine absorption.

Conclusion: Thus, our analysis shows that there are many anthropogenic chemical factors which affect a human daily and can adversely affect the human body, causing pathological changes in the thyroid gland. However, a potential risk of the influence of the majority of the factors is realized at their long-term exposure in the high doses/concentrations. Adhering to the recommended regulations of their safe use it is possible to prevent the creation of conditions for the realization of the mechanisms of the negative impact of mentioned factors.

KEYWORDS:
thyroid gland, pathology, chemical environmental factors, mechanism of action, analytical review
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