| Environment & Health | ISSN: 2077-7477 eISSN: 2077-7485 |
No: 3 (83) - 2017 - Pages: 9-13
Methodical approaches to the assessment of toxicity and hazard of nanomaterials
Leonenko N.S.1, Demetska O.V.1, Leonenko O.B.1
1 SI "Institute of Occupational Medicine, NAMSU», Kyiv
ÓÄÊ: [(54-148:543.3):615.9]:005
ABSTRACT:
Background: Despite the large number of test systems for screening assessment of the impact of nanoscale substances on the organism, a choice of the most sensitive ones, depending on the objectives and tasks of the study, is a high-priority task.
Objective: We studied a toxicity of some nanomaterial (NM) samples by a combined indicator of the effect of general toxicity on the short-term culture of the bull's spermatozoa and generalization of the world experience in assessment of the toxicity and hazard of nanoparticles (NPs) and NMs.
Materials and methods: We investigated a cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) of metals (Mn, Co, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mo, Au) in the citrate solution. Particle sizes were measured by the analyzer «Fritch» (Germany). Toxicity assessment was performed on the AT-05 analyzer.
Results: NPs of molybdenum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and cobalt didn’t show a cytotoxic effect in the native solution but gold NP demonstrated the cytotoxic effect (It, = 20.2%). In repeat study they demonstrated the cytotoxic effect in the concentrations of 5•10-3 mol/l (It, = 44.2%), 1•10-3 mol/l (It, = 68.4%) and the cytotoxic effect wasn’t detected only in the concentration of 1•10-4 mol/l (It, = 100%). In many respects this can be due to the physical-and- chemical properties of gold NPs and size which was less in comparison with other studied metals.
Conclusions: Application of the alternative methods is necessary for screening assessment of the NM toxicity or nanoproducts. There is an urgent need to improve the scientific approaches to the assessment of their toxicity and hazard.
KEYWORDS:
nanomaterials, nanoparticles, toxicity, hazard
REFERENCES:
1. Prodanchuk N.G. and Balan G.Ì. Sovremennye problemy toksikologii. 2011; 4 : 11–27 (in Russian).
2. Gorth DJ. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2011 ; 6 : 343-350.
3. Bai W., Tian W., Zhang Z., He X., Ma Y. and Liu N. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010 ; 29 (9) : 2044-2052.
4. Hartung T., Bremer S., Casati S., Coecke S., Corvi R., Fortaner S. åt al. Altern Lab Anim. 2003 ; 31(5) : 473-81.
5. Demezka Î.V. and Leonenko N.S. (SI "Institute of Occupational Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine») Patent ¹ 101308 UA IPC: G01N 33/48, G01N 33/18 Ekspres-sposib vyznachennia toksychnosti nanomaterialiv u rozchynakh in vitro z vykorystanniam spermatozoidiv velykoi rohatoi khudoby yak test-obiekta [Patent ¹ 101308 UA IPC: G01N 33/48, G01N 33/18 Express-Method for the Determination of the Toxicity of Nanomaterials in vitro with the Use of Cattle Spermatozoa as a Test-Object]. ¹ u 2014 12531 ; publ. 10.09.2015 ; Bull. ¹ 17 (in Ukrainian).
7. Leonenko N.S., Leonenko Î.V., Demetska Î.V., Tkachenko Ò.Yu. and Hrodziuk H.Ya. Suchasni problemy toksykolohii. 2015 ; 3 : 56-60 (in Ukrainian).
9. Leonenko N. S., Demetska O.V., Tkachenko T.Yu. and Leonenko O.V. Ukrainskyi zhurnal z problem medytsyny pratsi. 2014 ; 1: 18-22 (in English).
10. Braydich-Stolle L., Hussain S. and Schlager J. Toxicological Sciences. 2005 ; 3 (2) : 38-42.
11. Kazak À.À., Stepanov Å.G. and Gmoshinskiy I.V. Voprosy pitaniia. 2012 ; 4 : 11-17 (in Russian).
12. Metodika klassifitsirovaniia nanotekhnologiy I produktsii nanoindustrii po stepeni ikh potentsialnoi opasnosti : metodicheskiie rekomendatsii ÌR 1.2.0016-10 [Methodology of the Classification of Nanotechnology and Production of Nanoindustry by the Level of their Potential Hazard : Methodical Recommendations MP 1.2.0016-10]. Moscow ; 2010 : 32 p. (in Russian).
14. Zholdakova Z.I., Sinitsyna Î.Î. and Kharchevnikova N.V. Gigiiena I sanitariia. 2008 ; 6 : 12–16 (in Russian).
15. Mediko-biologicheskaia otsenka bezopasnosti nanomaterialov : metodicheskie ukazaniia [Medico-Biological Assessment of Nanomaterials’ Safety : Methodical Instructions 1.2.2635-10 ]. Ìîscow ; 2010 : 123 p. (in Russian).
|
