Features of physical development of children in Ukraine and abroad in the 21st century (literature review and own research)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2025.02.061Keywords:
physical development, dynamics of morphological indicators, child population, scientific literature, armed conflict in UkraineAbstract
Objective: To analyze scientific data regarding the features of physical development of children in Ukraine and abroad in ХХІ century. Materials and Methods: An analytical review of scientific publications was conducted using bibliographic databases of the National Scientific Medical Library of Ukraine, WHO Medical Information Network, National Library of Medicine (USA), and the National Institutes of Health (USA), as well as Directory of Open Access Journals, BioMed Central, FREE MEDICAL JOURNALS, ScienceDirect, The BMJ, and others. The study employed scientometric, logical, and systematic analysis methods. Review: Scientific literature on the physical development of children and adolescents, its dynamics, and determinants in Ukraine and worldwide has been summarized and analyzed. It was established that in ХХІ century, the general trend in children's physical development is negative changes in key indicators in both urban and rural areas across different regions of Ukraine. This process is primarily driven by an imbalance in the rates of longitudinal and transverse body size changes in children. In many countries, particularly developed ones, there is an increase in average height and body mass indices among children. In contrast, in low- and middle-income countries, malnutrition remains a significant issue, leading to growth retardation and body mass deficiency. A major concern is the increasing prevalence of obesity among urban children in high-income countries. Armed conflicts significantly affect children’s physical development, impacting growth dynamics, body mass, and the timing of puberty. Conclusions: A contemporary trend in physical development across most of Ukraine is the gracilization of children’s body structure across all age groups. In developed countries of Europe and Asia, indicators of height among children have stabilized and improved, whereas in Africa and Latin America, disparities in physical development between urban and rural populations remain a pressing issue. The impact of war in Ukraine can manifest through various pathways, including malnutrition, chronic stress, endocrine system disruptions, and an overall decline in healthcare quality. These factors can have both immediate and long-term consequences.Downloads
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